Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
Petro Energy Man provides custom-engineered Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers for demanding process duties in oil & gas, refining, petrochemical and industrial applications.
Each exchanger is engineered based on actual process data and project requirements, including heat duty, pressure, temperature, allowable pressure drop, fluid characteristics, fouling tendency, corrosion mechanisms and maintenance philosophy.
Applications
Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers may be used as:
Process Heaters
Process Coolers
Condensers
Reboilers
Feed/Effluent Exchangers
Intercoolers
Aftercoolers
Oil Coolers
Steam Condensers
Gas Coolers
Waste-Heat Recovery Exchangers
Configuration
Depending on process and maintenance requirements, configurations may include:
Fixed Tubesheet
U-Tube
Floating Head
Removable Bundle
Single-Pass
Multi-Pass
Horizontal
Vertical
Thermal Design
Thermal calculations evaluate:
Heat Duty
Log Mean Temperature Difference
Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient
Required Surface Area
Tube-Side Film Coefficient
Shell-Side Film Coefficient
Fouling Resistance
Tube-Side Pressure Drop
Shell-Side Pressure Drop
Fluid Velocity
Wall Temperature
Phase Change
Condensation
Vaporization
The objective is to achieve the required thermal performance without excessive pressure loss, erosion, vibration or fouling.
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical design includes:
Shell Thickness
Channel and Head Design
Tubesheet Design
Flange Design
Nozzle Reinforcement
Expansion Requirements
Support Design
Saddle Design
External Loads
Nozzle Loads
Hydrotest Condition
Transportation Loads
Tube Bundle Engineering
Tube-side design may evaluate:
Tube Diameter
Tube Thickness
Tube Length
Tube Pitch
Tube Layout
Tube Material
Number of Passes
Tube Velocity
Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint
Shell-Side Engineering
Shell-side performance depends strongly on:
Baffle Type
Baffle Cut
Baffle Spacing
Shell Diameter
Nozzle Arrangement
Cross-Flow Velocity
Leakage Paths
Pressure Drop
These parameters are selected to balance thermal performance, pressure drop and mechanical reliability.
Vibration Assessment
Flow-Induced Vibration can become a critical issue in high-flow exchangers.
Engineering evaluation may include:
Cross-Flow Velocity
Natural Frequency
Fluid-Elastic Instability
Vortex Shedding
Acoustic Vibration
Tube Support Conditions
Materials
Depending on process fluid and corrosion requirements:
Carbon Steel
Low-Alloy Steel
Stainless Steel
SS 304 / 304L
SS 316 / 316L
Duplex Stainless Steel
Special Alloys
Clad Construction
Inspection and Quality Control
Typical inspection activities may include:
Material Identification
PMI
Visual Inspection
PT / MT
RT / UT as applicable
Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Inspection
Hydrostatic Testing
Pneumatic Leak Testing where applicable
Dimensional Inspection
Final Documentation
Codes
Engineering may be performed in accordance with:
ASME BPVC Section VIII
TEMA
ASME Section IX
Applicable ASTM / ASME Material Standards
Client Specifications